VELIKOVSKY up to AMOS 3 approaches
MARS 233
345 Synodical period = 780 day approach between it and us.
345 Every 15 years there is a 7th approach when Mars is closest to sun and earth is farthest= favourable opposition conjunction [35½m]. Worst opposition is 61m.
346 So, favourable oppositions occur in 776, 747,717,702,687 BC. Perturbations, a regular phenomenon in oppositions [what is agent of this action at a distance?], reaches catastrophic dimensions.
345 687 days = 1 revolution. [687 BC= last catastrophe!]
345 Elliptical orbit is like ours, but more stretched out. This makes its distance from sun vary considerably. Its orbit is entirely outside ours.
345 When on different sides of the sun, it can be up to 200 - 248,600,000 miles from earth. In a year it can brighten x55.
346 Mars bears a unique [unless Venus' day ?] striking resemblance to the earth in;
[i] the inclination of its axis of rotation to the plane of its orbit - our equator is inclined 23½º to the plane of the ecliptic, Mars' 24º
[ii] Its period of diurnal rotation - our velocity of axial rotation =23.56.04, Mars'=24.37.23
w347Earth - volume ratio = 15 to 100, mass ratio 10.8 to 100.
Venus, volume 6x, weight 7½ x.
355 Venus slightly smaller than earth.
349 Insolation aphelion =5:6, perihelion much larger.
Southern summer much hotter and shorter than northern.
Receives under ½ our light and warmth= at least 65º less than ours. Never above freezing.
Hottest areas a mean temperature like that of Polar regions.
347 Mars sky is black? Only 5% of our water. Oxygen 0.1% of ours.
349 The main content of Mars' atmosphere is not yet known.
347 Different series of clouds are visible in photos taken by red or violet light.
350 Mars has excess heat. It emits more than it receives from sun[insolation].
It would have cooled quicker than earth since its formation. So. this is a result of close approaches. Effect on Mars much greater = a conversion of motion to heat. Also interplanetary electric discharges = atomic fissions=radioactivity&heat emission.
192 SYNODICAL YEAR of VENUS
192 224.7 = Sidereal Year = Venus' time to revolve round sun [195]on a now circular orbit.
192 Earth revolves round sun slower and farther away. Every 584 days, Venus appears to be in same position from earth = Synodical year.
192 5 Synodical years = 2919.6 days. In 4 years there is a difference of a day between Julian 365¼ year.
194 Incas, Mayas, Toltecs observe synodical and sidereal years. Also, 5x synodical = 8x365. Mayan solar year more accurate than Julian & 1582 Gregorian year.
351 Infra-red photography will show hydrocarbon[petroleum]gas if it is in the upper atmosphere where sun's rays can penetrate.
351 Its reflecting capacity = newly fallen snow [0.75, Mars 0.22, Moon 0.13]
352 Being nearer to the sun than the earth, it turns in succession its illuminated and shaded parts towards us, showing phases like the moon.
353 Venus is always hot, whichever side [night or day] is measured as it
[i] has an atmosphere giving a green house effect with petroleum fires
[ii] more importantly - a hot core
JUPITER
351 Some of its atmosphere will be like Venus' [why doesn't Venus have methane & ammonia?]
aa 217 METAPHORS OR FACTUAL DESCRIPTIONS?
w233 Mars and Minerva-Athene [Venus] festival is on 23 March, around Vernal Equinox [March 25th = ANNUNCIATION]. Another Mars festival is Oct 19, nearly a month after autumn equinox
THE WORLD AGES OF VENUS AND MARS [Exodus & Exile]
348 Venus, Earth and Mars exchanged atmospheres. Earth acquired carbon clouds of Venus, and some of Mars' atmosphere. Mars also gained carbon clouds [both from Venus and re-routed via earth?], which precipitated, probably as manna, forming the polar caps. As conditions are different to earth, they haven't permanently dissolved. [have probes revealed content, does this explain poles' expansion & receding?].
25 The angular velocity of Mars' inner satellite revolves more rapidly than the planet.
369 The sun is not electrically neutral. Neither are the planets. This questions the 'law' of gravitation. Gravitation, electricity and magnetism all play a role in celestial mechanics.
370 Activity of atom = rule for macrocosm. Planets = photons. Discharges between photons = metamorphoses in inorganic & organic nature.
370 Consider novas, result maybe of a collision between 2 stars.
361 Smaller comets from contacts between Venus and Mars.
365 Evolution v theory of catastrophic mutations.
FUTURE COLLISIONS
355 Planets, thrown off their paths, collided repeatedly until they attained their present positions, where their orbits do not intersect.
366 This explains smallness of eccentricities of orbits, which can't be explained in tidal theory [ not enough time?]
356 Cosmic collisions, convergent phenomena, are implicit in the dynamics of the universe.
366 Conforms with Newtonian celestial mechanics.
342 Capricious [word from Capricorn?] planets.
355 Some dark star like Jupiter or Saturn may be in the path of the sun. It may be attracted to the system and cause havoc.
An orderly Solar System?
220 Where is the basis for the sure knowledge that the earth moves without perturbation at a time when every body in the solar system more or less perturbs every other one.
335/7 Babylonia - The sun and planets have had three successive ecliptics [paths across the firmament] = Anu, Enlil, Ea. Each system is recorded as complete in itself and differs from the others at every point.
19 All planets revolve counter clockwise [if seen from north] in the same direction around the sun. Vel did not know that Venus rotated retrograde.
21 The plane in which the planets revolve is the equatorial plane of the sun.
?Earth must rotate west to east, so the sun appears to rise in the east.
19 If a planet rotates from east to west, the sun will rise in the west.
19 No orbit is an exact circle. There is no regularity in the eccentric shapes of the planetary orbits. Each elliptical curve verges in a different direction.
19/20 The earth's' equatorial inclination to plane of ecliptic is 23º . This causes the changes of seasons in the annual revolution around the sun. However, it is not a law that a planet must rotate or have seasons, days and nights. Neither do the seasons have to follow our order.
E.g. 20/24 Uranus' axis is almost in the plane of its orbit [82?] The sun rises and sets neither east nor west.
20 There is no regularity of or relation between the size of the planets & their position in the system.
Bodies have different size, form, atmosphere, rotational velocity, axial directions of rotation, directions of rotation, numbers of moons revolving in different directions.
Moons
19 Most Moons revolve counter clock wise [in direct motion]. Others opposite [retrograde motion].
24 Most moons [don't rotate on their own axis &] revolve in the same direction as the planets revolve and the sun rotates. However, 3 of Jupiter's 11 moons, 1 of Saturn's 9, and that of Neptune, revolve retrogradely.
24 Uranus' moons revolve in a plane nearly perpendicular to its orbital plane.
23/5 Nebular & tidal theories see planets as derivatives of sun & satellites as derivatives of planets. If so, each moon should have a higher specific weight [relation of weight to volume] than its planet.
However, the specific weight of our Moon [why no name?], whilst greater than that of the larger planets, is smaller than that of the earth.
THE EARTH
29 SHELL is 2000 to 60 MILES.
29 Oxygen should not be here.
29 Need 50 times more chlorine igneous rock to explain amount in sea water.
29 Igneous rock has been heated and molten after there was life on earth to produce sedimentary rock.
30 Strata are oblique, nearly vertical, faulted, overturned.
31 sedimentary rock covers high mountains, including Himalayas.
32 Sometimes miners find human skulls in the middle of mountains, under thick covers of basalt or granite.
36 A main ivory source is tundra of NE Siberia.
38 Darwin could not explain why the Mammoth, better developed than the elephant, became extinct.
33 The retreat of glaciers was interrupted by a new massing of ice. Their borders differed at various times.
35 Southern glacial sheet moved from Africa towards pole.
Northern ice moved in India from equator to Himalayas & higher latitudes.
39-40 Ice began to melt only 12k ago, when writing existed.
Most of North America [ lat 40?] & Europe [lat 50?] covered, but not northern Asia [ NE Siberia above polar circle, even above lat 75? not covered perennially] .
34 Maybe [1] The sun is a variable star [no evidence]
[2] Cosmic space has warmer & cooler areas [no evidence]
[3] Precession of equinoxes or -
[4] slow change in direction of terrestrial axis cause periodic variations in climate [not enough insolaric variation]
[5] Decrease of original planet heat
[6] heat increase by decomposing matter
warm springs, volcanic dust, greenhouse effect, a nuclear winter, changing warm currents.
Comet Typhon [90] [93 Pallas/Seth] arrives
173 Velikovsky is certain that it is Venus. The ancients weren't sure whether it was Jupiter or its offspring.
174 Jupiter had caused havoc at an earlier time.
78 The noise made in Polynesia, Arabia and China sounds like 'Typhon'.
93 Seth = overpassing etc.
Summary -w 92 A disk in Capricorn 91 1495 BC
w86 Head passed Sun recently & is Candescent
86 Fiery head joins orbit, leaves.
6 days pass - comes back shrouded in a dark column of gases, a pillar of smoke by day, a fire at night.
174 A ball of fire tore the pillar of cloud and pelted it with thunderbolts
94 There is a great lightning - 'The Lord looked unto the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of the cloud.'
87 6 weeks. Returns obscured by earth's now clouded skies.
60 Earth's surface reddened by a fine dust of rusty pigment[Adam]
53 63 X 9:18,24,25 Then Gravel/Hot STONES [Barad] [55 from comet neck & tail SCORCHED BY FLYING THROUGH ATMOSPHERE] ARE HURLED ON HOME & HEAD.
64 They smite every herb and break every tree of the field.
63 X 9:28 Loud noises of the meteorites are as terrifying as the destruction caused.
172 19th day after the full moon of the spring EQUINOX is a day of wrath. 19th March is day Minerva etc. was born.
110 In the days of Yahou [see sounds] the 4 quarters of the heavens were established anew and a new calendar drawn up.
134 Places of astronomical observation are the Valley of Obscurity & the Sombre residence.
187 Wichita Indians- The new 4 quarters were determined. The Morning star is born a generation later.
187 Chewkee Indians- the sun was lifted higher and higher until it became cooler.
188 The sun was stopped on its way . It became small.
69 The earth's angular velocity of rotation changes or reverses.
73 A major global earthquake occurs as the litho[pliant]sphere is convulsed by this major shock.
123 THERE IS A SUBSTANTIAL SHIFT OR COMPLETE REVERSAL OF THE CARDINAL POINTS during the exodus days [see Pawnee end of world].
354 A crushing collision of lithospheres is avoided by cushioning of their magnetic spheres. A spark will fly between them.
367 Earth, like a spinning top, would still rotate and revolve when tilted by magnet =
[1] unusually long day or night
[2] sun going forward, stopping, or back.
[3] Reversal of East and West.
367 [Magnetic] Eddy currents will be generated on surface as earth passes through a strong magnetic field & eventually slow it down = sudden calamities [Nu 16:45-49]
368 Magma will still rotate at old angular velocity, also slowing rotation [= magnetic pole shift?]
361 The polar star was in the Great Bear.
361 The astronomical direction of the terrestrial axis changed repeatedly.
361 The geographical position of the terrestrial axis changed repeatedly.
361 Polar regions were displaced= melting & reforming ice.
362 Vast evaporation & precipitation = ice cover changes, sea salt
362 Reversal of magnetic poles.
361 Day length changed.
362 Month length kept changing with Moon's orbit. Stable for a while between Exodus and Mar's approaches.
362 Earth & land swap places.
123 It was hard to tell even then due to the long gloom in which the dawn shone all around[ref Aztecs etc.].
WIC 127-8 335 Moses was unable to understand or compute the new calendar until God showed him the movements of the moon plainly [Midrashim].
[46Bock?] Pyramid = Solar Year
UFO activities = solar year
Moses brought in Solar Year
[Irwin, Keith G The 365 Days Harrap 1965 529 309
p74 Thoth 3k BC autumn eq 12x30 + 5 & 6 on leap year in no month
moonlight calendar 2k. Lots of adjustments.
NT77/78 These 'beings' introduced the concept of the Linear year through Moses. The Exodus tribes themselves used a cyclical moonlight calendar.
GF WHITROW 529 WHI WHAT IS TIME.
14/15 CRUCIFIXION = LINEAR not CYCLIC TIME. 16/17 18/19
21 QUASI-ANIMISTIC MAGICAL CONCEPTION OF UNIVERSE
65 = 4 BRAIN CYCLES 103 EVENTS
Ill. Guide to J. E. Wager 1988
Z 11.23 Mount of o/ the East Red Heifer sacrificed.
Fires announce New Moon in Second Temple Period.
128 The spring month of the Exodus becomes month 1. The New Year is in the autumn.
129 God hastened the course of the planets during Israel's stay in Egypt. Sun had 400 revolutions in 210 regular years.
123 Papyrus Ipuwer - 'the earth turned over like a potter's wheel' - 'the earth is upside down'
123 Papyrus [Harris] 'THE SOUTH BECOMES NORTH AND THE EARTH TURNS OVER'.
75 x 12:6, 13:4 At midnight [on 13th = unlucky for Egyptians] all houses were smitten. There wasn't a house were someone wasn't killed.
75 Passover was on this eve.
76 Lev 23:32 Hebrew day starts at sunset. Egyptian [Aztec] day starts sunrise. Midnight = 13th E [= unlucky for Egyptians & Aztecs] or 14th Hebrew.
76 Belief [not Hebrew] of unlucky 13th seems to be from this event.
75 X 12: 37-38 A mixed multitude left on night of earthquake [10th plague] accompanied by:
1- A portent looking like a stretched arm,/mighty hand with an outstretched arm
2- great terrors/ a great terribleness with signs & wonders [Deut 4;34, 26:8 ].
75 Ps 77:18,20 The lightnings lightened the world; the earth trembled & shook...
72 In some longitudes, the sun does not set for a few days. In others, prolonged day will be a night. In others, there'll be a prolonged day and night.
69 These create terrific hurricanes [?Venus has high winds].
78 X 10:19 A mighty strong west wind
71 The earth reaches stasis/slows down in its rotation [or axis tilts].
This disturbance of the earth's motion causes:
80 [1] a tidal water recession toward
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