Eratical Earth Science
Faults- Faults are breaks or cracks in the earths surface in which rocks move along. There are 4 main different types of faults. They are: normal faults, reverse faults, thrust faults,and lateral faults. In normal faults the hanging wall goes down and the foot wall goes up. In a reverse fault its exactly the opposite. The foot wall goes down and the hanging wall goes up. In a thrust fault the hanging wall slides over the foot wall . The last fault I'll talk about is the lateral fault which the two pieces of land slide past each other.That's all my information on faults.
Earthquakes- Earthquakes are the sahking and tumbling that results from the sudden movements of the earth's crust. Earthquakes are caused by faults, but also they can cause other things to happen. For ecample tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes. Tsunamis are giant waves caused by underwater earthquakes. Tsunamis when first produced are very small, but as they trvel across the ocean they grow much bigger some get to be as large as a 5 story building! I'm going to break down the earthquakes into many parts for you. The point beneath the earth's surface where rocks bend, break and move is called the focus. It's also kind of like the area where the earthquakes center is and where its produced. Exactly above that is the epicenter. The epicenter has the most violent shaking because its very close to the focus which lets of seisimic waves and the seisimic waves travel all over the place but the waves reach that place the fastest because its so close. Since I just mentioned seisimic waves I should get into better detail about them. Seisimic waves are the earthquake's waves. They are three types of seisimic waves. One of those three are primary waves. Primary waves are the fastest of the three waves. Primary waves or p waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gasses. Secondary waves or s waves are the second fastes wave it can travel through liquids and gasses, but not solids. The last wave to mention is the surface wave or l wave. The surface wave is the slowest wave of all of them. It is originated at the epicenter and it causes the most damage of all of the waves. There is a machine that can tell you when an earthquake has occured. That machine is called a siesmograph. The siesmograph has a pen on it that has a weight that has a rotating drum on the bottom which when there is movement on the earth's surface it will move making a squiggly line which shows there has been some movement. What comes out of the siesmograph is called a siesmogram. A siesmogram is the record of wavy lives that comes out of the siesmograph. The height of the tallest wavy line is used to caculate the strength of the earthquake. The highest line is campared on the Richter Scale. That's all my information on earthquakes.
Volcanoes- A volcano is a place in the earth's surface through which molten rock and other materials reach the surface. Magma is the molten rock which is found in the magma chamber which is under the volcano. When magma reaches the earth's surface it's called lava. Lava is magma on the earth's surface. Lava comes out of the volcano through vents. As you have probably figured vents are the openings in the volcano in which magma passes out through. When a eruption takes place there is normally alot of smoke if its a explosion eruption. In that smoke their is volcanic dust, volcanic ash and volcanic bombs. Volcanic dust are particles of rocks which are very small they are 0.25mm in dieameter. Volcanic ash is bigger than volcanic dust. Volcanic ash is .25mm to 5mm in diameter. And larger than those two are volcanic bombs. Volcanic bombs vary in size. They are from a few centimeters to several meters. Different types of eruptions cause different types of volcanoes. One of those types of volcanoes is a Cinder cone volcano. A cinder cone volcano is mostly made up of cinder and rock particles. A cinder cone volcano's eruoption is a large explosive eruption. Another type of volcano is the shield volcano. A shield volcano is made up of quiet erptions that build up. Shield volcano's eruption is a steady quiet flow. And the last type of volcano is the Composite volcano. The composite volcano is made up of alternating layers of rock and lava. The compsite volcano's eruption is an explosive burst then its a quiet flow then explosive then quiet. Did you ever wonder what a crater was. No, I'm talking about the ones on the moon I'm talking about the ones on volcanoes. A crater on a volcano is the funnel shaped pit at the top of the volcano!! If a crater has a collapsed wall in it, it's called a caldera. That's all my information I have Thanks for viewing my website!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Biblography
~Dynamic earth(our science book)
~usgs.com
~cvo.com
~Askjeeves.com
~naturaldisasters.com
~www.tinynet.com/faults.html
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