Europe, 1908-1920
Cubism was developed between about 1908 and 1912 in a collaboration between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Their immediate influences are said to be Tribal Art (although Braque later disputed this) and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not long-lived or widespread, but it began an immense creative explosion which resonated through all of 20th century art.
By 1910 Cubism was well established as an alternative to Fauvism, and Picasso had been joined by a number of other artists, notibly Georges Braque, with whom he collaborated so intimately that their work at that time is difficult to tell apart. Both of them initiated the next pahse of Cubism, which was even bolder than the first. Usually called Synthetic Cubism because it puts forms back together, it is also known as Collage Cubism, after the French word for "paste-up", the technique that started it all.
The key concept of Cubism is that the essence of objects can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously.
Cubism had run its course by the end of World War I, but among the movements directly influenced by it were Orphism, Purism, Precisionism, Futurism, Constructivism, and, to some degree, Expressionism.
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