VIETMAN WAR
ANTI-VIETNAM MOVEMENT IN THE U.S.
OPPOSITION IN THE U.S.
• OPPOSITION BEGAN DEVELOPING AFTER THE GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION
• U.S CITIZENS QUESTIONED U.S. MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN VIETNAM
• ALMOST EVERY MAJOR EVENT IN THE WAR CONTRIBUTED TO A RISE IN THE ANTI-WAR SENTIMENT
• OPPOSITION TO WAR GREW AS TELEVISION COVERAGE GRAPHICALLY SHOWED SUFFERING CIVILIANS IN VIETNAM
TEACH-INS
• MASSIVE PUBLIC PROTESTS ORGANIZED BY COLLEGE STUDENTS
• TOOK PLACE IN COLLEGE CAMPUSES
• BEGAN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ON MARCH 24, 1965
• BEGAN SPREADING TO OTHER UNIVERSITIES
• CAPTURED PUBLIC ATTENTION AND PUT PRESSURE ON THOSE IN GOV. TO LISTEN TO WHAT PEOPLE HAD TO SAY
• EASIEST AND LEAST VIOLENT MANIFESTATIONS OF ANTI-WAR PROTESTS
• MANY THOUGHT TEACH-INS WERE USELESS SO THEY BEGAN TO USE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE, STRIKES, PUBLIC DISRUPTION AND SHOUTING DOWN GOV. SPEAKERS AS FORM OF PROTEST
ANTI-WAR ORGANIZATIONS
• STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (SDS)
-ORGANIZED IN 1962 AT PORT HURON MICHIGAN
-LED FIRST MAJOR STUDENT LED DEMONSTRATION AGAINST HE WAR ON APRIL 1965
• STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SNCC)
-FOUNDED 1960 IN RALEIGH, N.C.
-MADE UP OF BLACK AND WHITE COLLEGE STUDENTS
-DENOUNCED THE WAR AS RACIST
• THE RESISTANCE
-ORGANIZATION THAT URGED ITS STUDENT MEMBERS TO REFUSE TO REGISTER FOR THE DRAFT OR IF DRAFTED TO REFUSE TO SERVE
THE MORATORIUM
• OCTOBER 15, 1969
• LARGEST ONE DAY DEMONSTRATION AGAINST HE WAR
• MILLIONS OF PEOPLE STAYED HOME FROM WORK
• COLLEGE AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS DEMONSTRATED ON HUNDREDS OF CAMPUSES
• IN VIETNAM, TROOPS WORE BLACK ARMBANDS IN HONOR OF THE HOME-FRONT PROTEST
• NOVEMBER 1969 STUDENTS FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY HEADED FOR WASHINGTON D.C. FOR THE MOBILIZATION AGAINST THE WAR
• OVER 40,000 PARTICIPATED IN A MARCH AGAINST DEATH FROM ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY TO THE WHITE HOUSE, EACH PERSON CARRIED A PLACARD WITH THE NAME OF A YOUNG PERSON KILLED IN VIETNAM
AGENT ORANGE
WHAT IS IT?
• IT IS A DEFOLIANT USED BY THE U.S MILITARY TO GET RID OF PLANTS THAT PROVIDED COVER FOR THE U.S ENEMY, THE VIET CONG. THIS DEFOLIANT KILLED PLANTS LIKE RICE AND OTHER THINGS. AGENT ORANGE GOT ITS NAME FROM THE ORANGE STRIPE ON THE 55-GALLON DRUMS WHERE THEY WERE STORED.
HEALTH EFFECTS
• AGENT ORANGE CAUSED HEALTH PROBLEMS IN THE SOLDIERS THAT WERE EXPOSED. THESE SOLDIERS HAD STRANGE RASHES, HEADACHES, LUMPS, AND OR CANCER. THEIR WIVES SUFFERED MISCARRIAGES AND THEIR CHILDREN SUFFERED MINOR AND MAJOR BIRTH DEFECTS. IT ALSO CAUSED HEATH PROBLEMS IN LIVESTOCK EXPOSED.
• PEOPLE IN BINH-HOA HAVE 200 TIMES THE NORMAL AMOUNT OF DIOXIN IN THEIR BLOOD STREAM. IT GOT IN THE WATERWAYS AND WAS ABSORBED BY FISH AND DUCKS, WHICH THESE PEOPLE EAT AND EXPORT DIOXIN A CHEMICAL USED IN AGENT ORANGE CAUSED ILLNESSES IN LABORATORY ANIMALS IT WAS TESTED ON.
WHERE THERE OTHER DEFOLIANTS HERBICICDES USED?
• YES, THE OTHER AGENTS WERE WHITE AND BLUE. BUT THEY WERE USED LESS THAN AGENT ORANGE.
• AGENT BLUE WAS DESIGNED TO DEFOLIANT NARROW – LEAF PLANTS AND TREES WHICH INCLUDED GRASS, RICE, BAMBO AND BANANA.
WHAT WERE THE SPOTS OF THESE DEFOLIANTS?
• BINH-HOA, A TOWN NEAR VIETNAM, 9IT HAS RESIDENTS WITH 200 TIME MORE THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF DIOXIN IN THEIR BLOOD. AGENT ORANGE BURIED AT THE BEACH IN NHA TRANG. CONTAINMENT AREAS FOR AGENT ORANGE WERE NHA TRANG, SAIGON, PHU CAT AND BINH-HOA.
WHAT IS A HIPPIE?
• A HIPPIES IS A YOUNG PERSON WHO OLDER PEOPLE IN AUTHORITY FEEL IS HAVING MORE FUN THAN THEY THINK HE SHOULD BE HAVING.
• TO BE A HIPPIE YOU MUST BELIEVE IN PEACE AS THE WAY TO RESOLVE DIFFERENCES AMONG PEOPLES, IDEOLOGIES AND RELIGIONS.
• THE WAY TO PEACE IS THROUGH LOVE AND TOLERANCE. LOVING MEANS ACCEPTING OTHERS AS THEY ARE, GIVING THEM FREEDOM TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES
HIPPIES LIVED TOGETHER IN TRIBES OR FAMILIES
• THE GEOGRAPHIC CENTER OF THE COUNTER CULTURE WAS IN HAIGHT-ASHBURY NEIGHBORHOOD OF SAN FRANCISO. YOUNG AMERICANS FROM ALL OVER THE COUNTRY FLOCKED TO THE HAIGHT TO FIND FREEDOM AND TO EXPERIMENT WITH NEW VALUES AND NEW LIFESTYLES.
COUNTER CULTURE
• YOUNG AMERICANS REJECTED TRADITIONAL AMERICAN CULTURE
• ATTEMPTED TO CREATE A NEW CULTURE OF THEIR OWN THAT WOULD BE BASED ON SHARING, MUTUAL RESPECT, LOVE, PEACE AND BROTHERHOOD
• OBVIOUS INDICATIONS OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE COUNTERCULTURE:
- LONG HAIR
- BEARDS
- COLORFUL CLOTHING
SEXUAL REVOLUTION
• THE COUNTERCULTURE WAS ALMOST AS SEXIST AS TRADITIONAL AMERICAN SOCIETY. YOUNG MEN TENDED TO LEND AND MAKE THE DECISIONS
• YOUNG WOMEN WERE EXPECTED TO FOLLOW
MODERN FEMINIST MOVEMENT
• YOUNG WOMEN, FILLED WITH THE IDEALS OF PERSONAL AND POLITICAL FREEDOM THAT SWIRLED AROUND THE MOVEMENT WHICH BEGAN TO QUESTION THEIR ROLES
• IN THE 1960’S, THE FEDERAL FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION APROVED THE USE OF THE BIRTH CONTROL PILL
• FIRST EFFCETIVE METHOD OF BIRTH CONTROL THAT WOMEN COULD USE THEM SELF WITHOUT MEN COOPERATION
• HOWEVER, THE FEAR OF PREGNANCY HAD ACTED AS A POWERFUL RESTRICTION TO SEXUAL ACTIVITY FOR MOST YOUNG WOMEN.
• MANY OF THEM NOW FELT FREED FROM SEXUAL RESTRAINT.
• THE RESULT OF THE PILL WAS IDEALS OF PERSONAL FREEDOM AND ADVENTURE
Vietnam Then & Now
Radical Times The Antiwar Movementof the 1960s
What Is Agent Orange?
Copyright © 2002 Zarait, ,Sheri, Nicole, Chau. All Rights Reserved