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SOPHIA OF WISDOM III - JFK ASSASSINATION
THE LIBRARY OF SOPHIA OF WISDOM III
THE SOPHIA OF ALL SOPHIA OF WISDOMS
AKA
CAROLINE E. KENNEDY - CAROLINA KENNEDIA_________________________________________
JULY 16, 2007
RE: JFK ASSSASSINATION
Kennedy assassination theories
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President Kennedy, Jackie Kennedy, Nellie Connally and Governor John Connally, shortly before the assassination.A number of theories exist with regard to the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. Such theories began to be generated soon after his death, and continue to be proposed today. Many of these theories propose a criminal conspiracy involving parties such as the Federal Reserve, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the KGB, the Mafia, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director J. Edgar Hoover, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Fidel Castro, George H. W. Bush, Cuban exile groups opposed to the Castro government and the military and/or government interests of the United States.
Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Theory: One Gunman
3 Theory: More than one gunman
4 Theory: More than one Oswald
5 Theory: more than one JFK
6 Conspiracy Theories
6.1 LBJ conspiracy
6.1.1 Deathbed confession
6.2 CIA and Anti-Castro Cuban Exile conspiracy
6.3 Mafia and Hoover conspiracy
6.4 Organized Crime and the CIA conspiracy
6.5 Soviet Bloc conspiracy
6.6 Roscoe White
6.7 Cuban conspiracy
6.8 Israeli conspiracy
6.9 Death threats on Irish visit
6.10 Federal Reserve conspiracy
6.11 Alleged connections of George H. W. Bush
7 Theories in books
8 Notes
9 External links
10 References
[edit] Background
Handbill circulated on November 21, 1963, one day before the assassination of John F. Kennedy.In 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that there was no "persuasive" evidence Lee Harvey Oswald was in a conspiracy to assassinate the President. Almost immediately, critics began to question the official government conclusions and wrote books attacking the Commission and its findings. Among them was Mark Lane a lawyer who briefly represented Oswald's mother, and who authored the critical book Rush to Judgment.
In the decades that followed, a dedicated group of independent researchers published literally dozens of different, and sometimes contradictory theories.
In 1967, New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison arrested local businessman Clay Shaw and charged him with being part of a conspiracy to kill Kennedy. Shaw was acquitted in less than an hour after a lengthy and controversial trial. Garrison's investigations attracted researchers from around the country who provided Garrison with information and theories. In turn these researchers were aided by the access afforded to a District Attorney. The most notable example of the latter was Garrison's subpoenae of the Zapruder film which allowed jury members to see it first-hand. Bootleg copies were quickly circulated and it was shown on television for the first time in 1975.
In 1976, the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was formed by Congress to investigate the killings of Kennedy, his brother Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr.. The HSCA investigated many theories put forward by assassination researchers and criticised some of them.
The HSCA concluded in 1979 that Oswald was the assassin and were about to conclude that he acted alone when a Dictabelt recording purportedly recorded during the assassination then surfaced. Based on over 20 witnesses who heard shots from in front of Kennedy and scientific analysis of the recording by a group of scientists, the committee concluded that there was a fourth shot and hence a second gunman, and that Kennedy was probably killed as a result of a conspiracy. Researchers who for years had called into question the Warren Commission's finding that a lone gunmen was responsible for the assassination, and had posited a conspiracy theory felt vindicated by the House report.
The accuracy of the Dictabelt analysis was questioned and an opinion by others argue that all the impulses believed to have been shots "happened about a minute after the assassination" based on verified crosstalk.[1] The Congressional Committee's panel of scientists then received further support that a conspiracy existed by D. B. Thomas in 2001 who concluded, based on further crosstalk on channel II, it was 95% likely there was a fourth shot. However, Thomas, like the HSCA, assumed the tape on channel II ran continuously; analysis by Michael O'Dell indicates this was not the case.[1]
Director Oliver Stone's 1991 film JFK, which was based on the HSCA findings and books by Garrison and Jim Marrs was what Stone called a "counter-fiction to the Warren Commission's fiction". This controversial film portrayed an extensive plot to kill the President and presented many of Garrison's allegations as fact. The revived interest in the assassination due to the film led to the formation of the Assassination Records Review Board, to gather and declassify all unreleased US Government records regarding the assassination. In the wake of Stone's film, efforts were made to refute many conspiracy theories, such as Gerald Posner's Pulitzer Prize-nominated book Case Closed, the ABC documentary Beyond Conspiracy hosted by Peter Jennings, and Vincent Bugliosi's book Reclaiming History.
Many doubts still remain in the minds of the public regarding the official government conclusions. An ABC News poll (in 2003) found that 70% of American respondents "suspect a plot" in the assassination of President Kennedy.[2]
[edit] Theory: One Gunman
Dealey Plaza in 2003.Howard Brennan, a 45-year-old stemfitter, while waiting across the street from the Texas School Book Depository for the presidential motorcade, noticed a man at the southeast corner window of the sixth floor of the Depository. Just after the President's car passed, he heard what he thought was a firecracker or an explosion. He looked up at the window again and saw the man with a gun, aiming and taking a final shot. Within minutes of the assassination, Brennan described the man to the police. He later testified that Lee Harvey Oswald, whom he viewed in a police lineup on the night of the assassination, was the man he saw fire the shot.[3]
Bonnie Ray Williams and two co-workers watching the motorcade from fifth floor windows of the Depository heard three shots come from the floor above, and reverberations shook plaster from the ceiling onto his head.[4]
Governor John Connally and Mrs. Connally and the two Secret Service agents in the presidential limousine all testified that the shots came from the direction of the Texas School Book Depository.[5]
Charles Hester, Emmett Hudson and Marilyn Sitzman, the only witnesses on the Grassy Knoll who gave testimony about the direction of the shots, all said the shots came from the direction of the Texas School Book Depository.[6]
Marilyn Sitzman was standing on a 4-foot (1.2 m) high retaining wall 15 yards (14 m) east of the 5-foot (1.5 m) high picket fence on the grassy knoll.[7] (View from Sitzman's position.) She stated that she saw no gunman firing from behind the picket fence: "The blast of a high-powered rifle would have blown me off that wall."[8]
Lee Bowers was operating a railroad interlocking tower, overlooking the parking lot just north of the grassy knoll and west of the Texas School Book Depository. He reported that "there was no one there" behind the picket fence atop the grassy knoll at the time of the shootings.[9]
Of the earwitnesses, 99 believed that all the shots came from one direction, and only 5 believed they came from two directions.[10]
The Warren Commission, and the HSCA both concluded that the shots which killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor Connally were fired from above and behind the Presidential limousine.[11]
Shortly after the assassination, a rifle was found partially-hidden between some boxes on the sixth floor of the Depository, and the improvised paper wrapper/bag that covered the rifle was found close to the window from which the shots were fired.[12]
Fiber analysis of President Kennedy's clothing showed that he was hit by a bullet from the rear, which passed out the front of his clothing.[13]
The Zapruder film shows a blood spray from the front right-hand side of Kennedy's temple, but no blood spray from the back of his head. The motion of his head, first forwards and then backwards, has been mimicked in skull models hit by 6.5 mm 160 gr. military bullets.[14]
The bullet found on Governor Connally's stretcher at Parkland Memorial Hospital and the two bullet fragments found in the front seat of the Presidential limousine were matched to the same lot of ammunition. The bullet found on the stretcher was a ballistic match to the 6.5-millimeter Mannlicher-Carcano rifle that was found in the 6th floor of the Depository. No other bullet fragments from any other rifle were found.[15]
The windshield in the Presidential limousine was struck by a bullet fragment on the inside surface of the glass, meaning that these fragments came from behind, and not in front, of the President.[16]
The Mannlicher-Carcano 6.5-millimeter Italian rifle from which the shots were fired was ordered in the name of A. Hidell and sent to Oswald's P.O. Box in Dallas. Alek was the name Oswald used in the Soviet Union and Alek James Hidell was the name on the false I.D. Oswald was carrying when arrested on the day of the assassination. The FBI found Oswald's palm print on the rifle barrel between the barrel and the stock, which could have been put there only when the rifle was disassembled.[17]
Oswald was seen with a paper bag/wrapper in a car on the way to the Depository. He said, when he was asked, that it was full of "curtain-rods". He said they were for the rooming-house he was living in (while he was living away from his wife) although his rooming house already had curtains and rods, and Oswald had never discussed the matter with his landlady. The paper bag was found on the sixth floor, near the rifle, but the "curtain-rods" were never found at the Depository.[18]
Three separate photographs of Oswald holding a Mannlicher-Carcano rifle and wearing a pistol are known.[19] His wife Marina Oswald testified in 1964 and 1978 that she took the photographs at his request.[20] Two were found at Oswald's residence when he was in custody, and a third later turned up from Dallas police officer Roscoe White's collection after he died.[21] Two photos may be viewed as a stereo pair as they were taken from slightly different angles. The original negative of one is available for study. These photos were closely studied by the HSCA, which found them to be authentic.[22] The HSCA did not believe that the technology existed in 1963 to fake an original film emulsion or a stereo pair. Any fake would have needed access to the literature which Oswald was known to be reading in March 1963, as well as copies of the weapons he is known to have been shipped in that month.
In 1967, all three physicians who performed the autopsy of President Kennedy examined the photographic and X-ray materials from the autopsy at the National Archives, and certified their authenticity. "It was then and is now our opinion that the two missiles which struck the President causing the neck wound and the head wound were fired from a point behind and somewhat above the level of the deceased."[23]
In 1988, four of the Parkland Hospital physicians including Robert McClelland examined the Kennedy autopsy photographs at the National Archives, and each confirmed the photos represented what they remembered seeing that day, including a picture of the rear of the president's head, which shows no defect.[24]
Two separate computer analyses have asserted that the bullet trajectory is not only consistent with the single bullet theory but also could only have been fired from a high position behind Kennedy.[25]
In the ABC documentary Beyond Conspiracy, using a close-up frame-by-frame analysis, computer analyst Dale K. Myers points out a previously-unnoticed incident on the Zapruder film. As the limo carrying Kennedy and Connally emerges from behind a road sign in Dealey Plaza, the lapel of Connally's suit coat appears to "pop out" as if pushed from within by an unseen force. Myers theorizes that this is the moment when the bullet from Oswald's rifle strikes Connally in the back and exits through his chest. A moment later, as Kennedy emerges from behind the road sign, his hands move up to his throat, indicating that he has been hit. Myers points out that both Kennedy and Connally react simultaneously to being wounded on the film.
[edit] Theory: More than one gunman
The wooden fence on the grassy knoll.The Warren Commission findings and the single bullet theory may be considered as implausible. Oswald's rifle, through testing by the F.B.I., could only be fired three times within the six seconds of the assassination. The Warren Commission, through earwitnesses, determined that only three bullets were fired as well: one of the three bullets missed the vehicle entirely; one hit Kennedy and passed through Governor John Connally, and the final shot was fatal to the President. However, the weight of the bullet fragments taken from Connally and those remaining in his body weighed more than that of a bullet found on Connally's stretcher, known as the "pristine bullet".[citation needed] In addition, the trajectory of the bullet, which hit Kennedy above the right shoulder blade and passed through his neck (according to the autopsy) would also have to have changed mid-course to pass through Connally's chest and wrist.[citation needed] Hence, the conclusion by skeptics is that more than three shots were fired and that more than one gunman had to be involved.
Nellie Connally was sitting in the presidential car next to her husband, Governor John Connally. In her book From Love Field: Our Final Hours, Mrs. Connally was adamant that her husband was hit by a bullet that was separate from the two that hit Kennedy.[26]
Roy Kellerman, a U.S. Secret Service Agent, testified that, "Now, in the seconds that I talked just now, a flurry of shells come into the car." Kellerman said that he saw a 5-inch diameter hole in the back right-hand side of the Presidents head.[27]
Witnesses: 35 Warren Commission witnesses who were present at the shooting thought that shots were fired from in front of the President from the area of the Grassy Knoll or Triple Underpass while 56 Commission witnesses thought the shots came from the Depository, or at least in that direction, behind the President, and 5 earwitnesses thought that the shots came from two directions.[28]
Clint Hill, the Secret Service Agent who was sheltering the President with his body on the way to the h
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