My Y-DNA Results

These are my 12 Y-DNA results that i received from Family Tree DNA.
They said that it looked like i belonged to Haplogroup O1 but they have not confirmed that this is my Haplogroup so i am having an SNP test done to try to confirm that i do belong to Haplogroup O1.I have now recived my results from my SNP test and now FTDNA have confirmed my Haplogroup is K2 and my SNP tests M70+.This Haplogroup seems to be very rare and Thomas Jefferson the third president of the United States of America was also in Haplogroup K2.

FTDNA DYS markers

Locus---------------DYS#-----------------Alleles

1----------------------393------------------------13
2----------------------390------------------------23
3----------------------19*------------------------15
4----------------------391------------------------10
5----------------------385a----------------------14
6----------------------385b----------------------15
7----------------------426------------------------11
8----------------------388------------------------12
9----------------------439------------------------11
10--------------------389-1----------------------12
11--------------------392-------------------------15
12--------------------389-2----------------------27

*Also known as DYS 394

Understanding the Y-DNA Haplotype
===================================

Haplotype (HT) - /hap•lo•type/ - A set of numbers or letters obtained from the DNA test of an individual. A set of alleles for genetic markers (a set of gene or genetic marker DNA sequences) inherited as a unit. A contraction of the phrase "haploid genotype". Different combinations of polymorphisms at a set of polymorphic sites are known as haplotypes. The term haplotype is commonly used term in Genetic Genealogy for the series of DYS Y-STR numbers which are the allele values of the test results of a set of genetic markers of a Y chromosome (paternal line) test, i.e., the Y-DNA test. Example: DYS393=13, DYS390=24, DYS394(aka19)=14, DYS391=11, DYS385a=11, DYS385b=16, DYS426=12, DYS388=12, DYS439=12, DYS389-1=13, DYS392=13, DYS389-2=29.Comparing haplotypes of two or more people is what is done in a genetic genealogy project to determine the degree of genetic relationship between their respective lines and combined with other information such as having the same or similar sounding or meaning surname, determine if their lines are closely related within a time frame of genealogical interest, i.e., the time since the adoption of surnames.

These are my 12 Y-DNA markers which seem to determine what Haplogroup i belong to.

2 step mutations

Haplogroup-----country--------comment---------count

O1-----------------Taiwan----------Aborigine---------1

3 step mutations

K-------------------Netherlands-------------------------1
K2-----------------Portugal------------------------------1
O1-----------------Indonesia-----------------------------2
O1-----------------Nicarague----------------------------1
O1-----------------Taiwan----------Aborigine---------1

4 step mutations

K2-----------------Africa----------------------------------1
M------------------Melanesia----------------------------1
O1-----------------Indonesia-----------------------------3
O1-----------------Taiwan----------Abroigine---------6
O1-----------------Taiwan-Taiwanese-Aboriginal-1

K The K lineage is an old lineage presently found only at low frequencies in Africa, Asia, and in the south Pacific. One descendent line of this lineage is restricted to aboriginal Australians, while another is found at low frequency in southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East.

K2 The K lineage is an old lineage presently found only at low frequencies in Africa, Asia, and in the Middle East. This specific line is found at low frequency in southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East.

M This lineage is completely confined to the South Pacific. It most probably originated in Melanesia, and then spread into Indonesia, Micronesia, and New Guinea.

O1 This haplogroup is found at very high frequency in the aboriginal Taiwanese (possibly due to genetic drift). This haplogroup probably originated in East Asia and later migrated into the south Pacific. Individuals carrying this lineage are thought to have been important in the expansion of the Austronesian language group into Taiwan, Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

Understanding the Results: Y DNA Haplogroup
=============================================

For those who have taken a Y DNA test, there will be a selection on your personal page called Haplogroup. This selection searches the Haplogroup database and tells you about your deep ancestral origins. One way to think about Haplogroups is that a Haplogroup is a branch on the tree of Homo Sapiens and a Haplotype represents the leaves of the tree. All the Haplotypes that belong to a Haplogroup are leaves on the same branch.

When you search the Haplogroup database, your Haplogroup will be estimated based on the Haplogroup of those whom you match or are a close match. The Y Chromosome DNA test is a STR test, also known as Short Tandem Repeats. A SNP test of the Y Chromosome, which tests deep ancestral Markers, determines the Haplogroup. The Haplogroup database consists of the test results of participants in studies conducted and tested by Dr. Hammer at the University of Arizona, as well as Family Tree DNA customers who have orders their SNP test. These participants had either a 12 Marker or 25 Marker Y Chromosome STR test, and a SNP test. Therefore, a search of the Haplogroup database looks for matches of your Y Chromosome STR test results, and predicts your Haplogroup based on the Haplogroup of the participants you match. A SNP test can be ordered to confirm your Haplogroup.

All the members of a Surname Project who match or are a close match would have the same Haplogroup estimated by the Haplogroup database. One person in the group needs to take the SNP test to scientifically confirm the Haplogroup. The results for this one person would then apply to the group of those who they match or are a close match.

It is recommended that one person in each Surname Project group who match take the SNP test to confirm the Haplogroup, and to provide documentation for the DNA component of your family history research. The test results include a certificate, and a copy of the certificate can be shared with others in the group, so they also have documentation for their family tree. Additional certificates can also be ordered.

The SNP test will confirm or deny the predicted Haplogroup. If it occurs that the predicted Haplogroup is not confirmed, they will continue to test your sample until a SNP confirmation is found for your sample.

It is important to remember that only one SNP test is necessary for a group of persons in a Surname Project whom match. For those who take a SNP test to confirm their Haplogroup, the results of your test also apply to the others in your Surname Project who are a match or close match. Therefore, only one SNP test needs to be taken by a member of a group whose results match or are a close match. There are situations when a SNP test is not necessary: when the results of a Haplogroup search predict a single Haplogroup.

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