COLLISIONS FROM 1800
Oct 30 1801 Suffolk miller’s house and stable razed by meteor fire LEWIS 166
4 July[ near Beta Taurid max] 1803 Nearly horizontal solid strikes White Bull East Norton, knocks down chimney LEWIS 177 [see 1955, 1991]
1846 - Comet Biela seen to split in 2. By 1876 it has disintegrated into the end November Andromedid shower. The shower is now much less intensive as its meteors have spread right around the former comet’s orbit CW138.
1868 Poland 100,000+ meteorites fall on empty fields. If a city had been the target, casualty rate would have been terrible. LEWIS171
1869 Taurids rediscovered [they cannot be accounted for from the 11th to 19c [Kronk}]
June 30 [Beta Taurid max] 1874 Huge stone falls in thunderstorm, crushing Chinese cottage and killing a child within. LEWIS 172
Oct 27 1890 Comet passes earth at a fifth of moon distance. LEWIS 85
Nov 29 1894 Large meteor falls. Aftershock shakes Iowa almost like an earthquake
March 11 1897 Meteor burst over West Virginia. Fragments pierce walls. One crushes and almost severs horse’s head. Blast knocks male unconscious. LEWIS 162
Aug 13 1904 Pennsylvania meteor strikes. Shakes buildings 20 miles away. 15 second high wind. Lewis 126
Sept 15 1907 Falling stone crushes Chinese family to death. LEWIS 172
Thanks a Bunch!
Celestial activity indicates its now almost certainly time for a bunch of catastrophes in a developing burst. Evidence lies in small bodies arriving and burning up at what may be a peak rate. CW255
There’s s an at the outside 1 in 100 chance in a human lifetime that a 1k megatonish impact [50xHiroshima] will occur. This leaves us a maximum 7000 years. [remember - such impacts or anything lower are undetectable in fossil record]
[ in comparison, the chance of death by plane is 2 million to 1!] CS274/5
Not forgetting that known ‘safe’ Comets are by their nature volatile with consequent sudden orbital changes, let’s stop sticking our heads in the sand and assess the situation. Here’s a few points for starters:
Today, the Taurids are our most energetic complex and contain hundreds of thousands of bodies, each able to unleash a huge explosion. Amongst these are around 150 [10%] of the nearly invisible potentially earth -threatening Apollo asteroids. 6 mile+ Hephaistos is the largest of the 6/7 known It parted from the giant or a larger fragment at least 20,000 years ago. They are responsible for the midsummer ‘events’ amongst those detailed below. CW 149-50 219-20 291.
The Earth is 20 times bigger than the Moon, so we’re getting the best of the Taurid bunch, saved only by our atmosphere...usually...
Leading up to June 1908, Several very large meteors are seen over Denmark: -
30 June [date of maximum Earth/Moon immersion in the Beta Taurid swarm] Europe - A huge red glow over the horizon looks like a raging fire as a body the size of the Albert Hall burns through the atmosphere.. Photos record the night sky staying strangely bright. 7.15 am. Siberia - A 500,000-1m ton 100 metre diameter body of fiery appearance cuts across the sky. Near the Tunguska river, the icebody disintegrates around 5 miles high. Energy equivalent to 40-100 megatons turns to heat and a huge flame shoots up cutting the sky in two. Reindeer herds are reduced to ashes. Windows blown out at 70 km. 125 miles away, a farmer feels a great heat as if his shirt has caught fire. 2 forceful blows are followed by an extraordinary underground roar/ incredibly long pronounced roaring [as heard on Mt. Sinai[see Taylor etc]]. [evidence in form of meteoric particles is embedded in flattened trees, Morris] CS140,144
If this Taurid fireball had entered a few hours later, it would have exploded over London. [Morris]
1910 Fragment photographed detaching from Halley’s comet CS152.
Nov 27 1919 Meteorite fall into Lake Michigan. Houses shaken. Penetrating glare. Earth tremble. Deep prolonged rumbling. Lewis 159
April 23 1922 New Jersey fireball explodes releasing noxious gases, rocking buildings and shattering windows. Lewis 127
Dec 8 1929 Yugoslav wedding guest killed by meteorite. LEWIS 172
June 10 1931 Ohio blast carves out hole, tossing tree several 100 feet. 25 miles away, objects shook off desk. Rocked houses in 6 counties. Released sulphur. Lewis 128
July 2 1939 Solid explodes over Oregon. Rocks Portland. Shock felt over 40 mile radius
May 4 1945 Philadelphia solid explodes. Detonations/fierce wind shakes houses, bursts open doors. LEWIS 129
May 16 1946 Meteorites injure 28 Mexicans, destroying many houses. LEWIS 172
Nov 30 1946 Flash lights up huge swathe of Forest of Dean. Explosion rocks Coleford, Glos. Causes power cut, wrecks phones. Blows rider off cycle, torch from someone’s hand, rattles pub bottles Lewis 129
Feb 12 1947 Meteor detonates 245 miles from Vladivostok with force of 1-5 megatons Clarke193 CS140-1 Thousands of iron meteorites fall. Some form explosion craters 100 m+. LEWIS 171
1954 500 metre asteroid XA found in an earth crossing orbit less than 365 days. Now lost. Lewis 77
Jan 17 1955 2 small iron meteorites travelling only 27° to the horizon [see 1803,1991] cheekily pierce into an observatory. One sets alight to reference books! LEWIS167
1956 A meteor is observed for ½hour. It crosses the sky turning night to day. Luminous fragments fall vertically leaving smoke and vapour. In all, it looked like a great monster CS196
1957 Very large comet Wirtanen splits 90/10
Aug 3 1963 500 kiloton explosion over ocean between South Africa-Antarctica Lewis125
1964 All sky cameras record fireballs from this date. The mass and boulder number necessary for those observed indicates [i] recent pass of a giant comet or [ii] recent very high comet numbers CS142-3
1968 Asteroid Icarus [exact orbit unpredictable] misses us by 4m
Between 1970-90, one of largest fireballs measured burns up over Atlantic, releasing energy equivalent to 25 Hiroshimas [½ megaton] CW255.
1971-7 Impacts from Taurid Boulder flux CW150
10.8.1972 A day time 14 yard asteroid with power of 5 hiroshimas [9k tons, 31k mph, size of small house] is filmed grazing the atmosphere for 2 minutes 58km over Montana. It will return repeatedly... Clarke, 11 CS144 Other estimates are as high as 80 metres/mass several 1000 to a million tons. Only 20 km lower and it would have air burst/impacted with 20 kilotons Lewis 86
Dec 1974 European Network all sky cameras record fireball produced by a body of mass 200 tons CS143.
1975 comet West disintegrates into 4 CS152
22-26 June 1975 - A swarm from a rapidly disintegrating large asteroid in the Beta Taurids strikes the Moon with 5 years’ worth of 1 ton car sized boulders in 5 days CW 10 141
March 8 1976 Several hundred stony solids miss Manchurian city Jilin by a whisker. Largest well over 1000 kilos. LEWIS 171
3 Feb 1985 Fireball skims central Europe Lewis 88
1989 Argentina - crater chain no more than a few thousand years old found. Cause a near horizontal impact/disintegration of 1000 megaton 150-300 metre stony asteroid [also see 2900BC]. LEWIS 88
1989 A rock size of aircraft carrier passes close by earth [40.5k miles]. This prompts the U.S. Government to direct NASA to begin the ‘Spaceguard Survey’[as suggested by Arthur C. Clarke in 1973]. This will complete a survey of ‘a billion ..flying mountains orbiting the sun’ by 2017. Up to a 1000 discoveries per month should speed up this survey! [Clarke 192,196]
31 Aug 1991 Solid flying 30° to horizon just misses 2 Indiana boys. LEWIS 174 [see 1803, 1955]
13 Oct 1993 Fireball skips Eastern Europe as low as 98 km.
MARCH 1992 Comet passes one twentieth of Moon distance. Size 170-300 metres, potential 15000 megatons [1000 x Tunguska] Lewis 85-6
15.10.92 - 1.1.93 For 10 weeks, astronomers are concerned that Swift/Tuttle may hit the earth on 14.8.2126 [ Swift Tuttle is 3 miles radius, speed 134000 mps = 200,000,000 meg [10b x Hiroshima]. If 3 mile dia = 16800 mps, 25,000,000 meg [Clarke 199]
They finally determine a 15 day miss. However:
[i] This doesn’t rule out ‘100 Tunguskas a day’ from cometary fragments.
[ii] On its return, the calculated orbit may be effected by the consequences of unpredictable ‘solar-powered jet propulsions’. These occur when any comet is near the sun and its ‘innards’ heat up/burst from its body [this process can start when a comet is as far out as Mars]. Formerly active comets [asteroids] are subject to the same to a lesser degree. HOG 162,199-200, 205 [also see 1st Millen. BC]
May 1993 A solid 3 metre object with a potential several kiloton explosion found on very near earth collision trajectory.
July 1994 Shoemaker-Levy event.
Late 1994 recently found comet Machholz 2 splits into 3 pieces. Their orbits almost graze earth [0.3 AU], and could eventually threaten actual impact. Lewis 149
an10
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